Grey Relational Analysis

Non-conventional manufacturing has emerged as a transformative approach in modern industrial production, enabling the processing of advanced materials and complex geometries beyond the capabilities of traditional machining methods. This study presents a comprehensive overview of key non-conventional manufacturing techniques, including Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM), Wire Electrical Discharge Machining (WEDM), and Directed Energy Deposition (DED), with a focus on their process principles, optimization strategies, and industrial applications. The research highlights the importance of parameter optimization using statistical and computational techniques such as Taguchi methods, Grey Relational Analysis, and heuristic algorithms to enhance performance metrics like material removal rate, surface quality, and mechanical properties. Additionally, advancements such as nano-material mixed dielectric fluids in WEDM and real-time monitoring systems in DED are discussed for improving process efficiency and quality control. The study also examines material characterization, sustainability aspects, and the integration of digital technologies like Digital Twins and artificial intelligence in manufacturing systems. Despite challenges related to defect formation, material compatibility, and scalability, non-conventional manufacturing continues to drive innovation across aerospace, automotive, biomedical, and energy sectors. The findings emphasize the critical role of intelligent optimization, hybrid manufacturing, and sustainable practices in shaping the future of advanced manufacturing.